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Biol Bull 113: 275-285. (October 1957)
© 1957 Marine Biological Laboratory
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FREEZING AND DRYING IN INTERTIDAL ALGAE

JOHN KANWISHER 1

1 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass.

1. As much as 80 per cent of the water in intertidal marine algae is frozen when exposed to the low air temperatures that regularly occur in nature.

2. The same species may lose 90 per cent of their water by ordinary drying during tidal exposure.

3. Metabolism is greatly depressed in both the frozen and dried states.

4. The ability to withstand drying may be related to freezing hardiness.

5. Some extreme conditions in the Arctic are described. Fucus spends many months frozen into the sea ice at temperatures down to, 40° C., yet it is capable of photosynthesis immediately upon being thawed out.






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Copyright © 1957 by the Marine Biological Laboratory.