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Biol Bull 125: 431-440. (December 1963)
© 1963 Marine Biological Laboratory
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THE GENETICS OF ARTEMIA SALINA. III. EFFECTS OF X-IRRADIATION AND OF FREEZING UPON CYSTS

SARANE THOMPSON BOWEN 1

1 Department of Biology, San Francisco State College, San Francisco 27, California

1. Samples of dry brine shrimp cysts were each divided into two lots: one stored at room temperature and the other stored in a freezer (-19° to -24° C.). Viability of the frozen cysts remained unchanged whereas that of the unfrozen cysts declined. Nauplii hatching from frozen cysts had normal viability. It is evident that frozen storage is superior to unfrozen storage if Artemia cysts are to be kept for a period of several years.

2. Dry cysts from a California race were exposed to x-irradiation. Although the 50-kr dose had no significant effect upon the viability of the cysts, it greatly reduced the viability of the nauplii which hatched from these cysts; none of these nauplii were able to live to maturity. It was surprising to find that a 50-kr dose administered to the encysted blastula did not kill during the stages of gastrulation or embryonic differentiation but instead killed during the later developmental stages (the second through the eighth instars). This can probably be explained by the finding of Nakanishi et al. that Artemia blastulae differentiate without cleavage.

3. The effect of x-rays upon viability was the same when cysts were hydrated and tested immediately after irradiation as when they were tested after two years storage at room temperature or in a freezer.

4. Irradiated shrimp from the 2-kr and 10-kr doses and four generations of their inbred progeny were examined in hope of finding visible mutant traits. Although many aberrant characteristics were observed, only one viable purebreeding mutant stock was developed. It is characterized by garnet eye color which is determined by a recessive autosomal gene. The first garnet-eyed shrimp was found in the second generation of the progeny of two shrimp which hatched from cysts given 10 kr of x-irradiation.

5. The 10-kr dose did not impair the viability of cysts or the survival of hatched nauplii to adulthood. It did not completely depress the fertility of inbred progeny derived from the irradiated generation. Therefore, it appears to be an efficient dose for inducing visible mutations for use in genetic studies.






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Copyright © 1963 by the Marine Biological Laboratory.