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Biol Bull 130: 170-191. (April 1966)
© 1966 Marine Biological Laboratory
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FACTORS AFFECTING ACTIVITY AND BURROWING HABITS OF THE PINK SHRIMP, PENAEUS DUORARUM BURKENROAD

CHARLES M. FUSS JR 1 and LARRY H. OGREN 1

1 U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Gear Research Station, P.O. Box 1909, Panama City, Florida 32401

1. The effects of certain environmental and physiological factors on the activity and burrowing habits of pink shrimp, Panaeus duorarum, are described.

2. Adult pink shrimp have a tendency to burrow in the presence of solar light and maximum activity does not occur until incident illumination is below 0.01076 lumens per m.2 Light is apparently the most important inhibiting factor in diel periodicity.

3. Moonlight affects the nocturnal activity of pink shrimp to a limited extent but the inhibiting effects may be modified by weather and water turbidity.

4. There is a general inverse relation between nocturnal activity and water temperatures below about 26° C., and maximum activity seems to be associated with temperatures of 26° to 27° C. At water temperatures below 14° to 16° C. less than half of the animals will be active and all activity ceases below about 10° C. Shrimp apparently deburrow at temperatures above about 33° C. but remain quiescent.

5. An increase in activity with rising salinity is suggested but effects of salinity within the ranges observed (18.7-35.8permil) are probably insignificant.

6. Shrimp are capable of fairly extended activity and fatigue is probably not a limiting factor until after about 48 hours of continuous activity.

7. The need for food after limited starvation (72 hours) does not seem to overcome the activity-inhibiting effects of sunlight; and conservation of energy by burrowing will apparently extend the ability of pink shrimp to undergo periods of starvation.

8. Pink shrimp are capable of limited acclimation to light and low temperature, and large animals (above about 140 mm.) are apparently more sensitive to these factors than smaller ones.

9. Cycles of activity related to photoperiods are well defined and there is evidence of an endogenous component in the diel periodicity of pink shrimp. Persistent circadian rhythms, however, are only discernible under conditions of constant light.

10. Correlations between activity and lunar cycles per se are not well defined.

11. Seasonal cycles of activity seem to be primarily controlled by photoperiod and temperature. Peak daily activity during a seasonal cycle occurs at about 20 00 hours.

12. Burrowing shrimp show a positive rheotaxis in water currents at velocities above about 0.2 m. per second and as velocity increases, their burrowing angle to the current axis decreases. Orientation to the left or right of the current axis seems to be random.

13. Pink shrimp are capable of penetrating very coarse bottom types including hard sand, sand-shell, and substrates overlaid with heavy plant growth.

14. Burrowing serves as a protective measure against predators and adverse environmental conditions.






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Copyright © 1966 by the Marine Biological Laboratory.