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Biol Bull 131: 457-469. (December 1966)
© 1966 Marine Biological Laboratory
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PREDICTING DEVELOPMENT RATE OF COPEPOD EGGS

IAN A. McLAREN 1

1 Marine Sciences Centre, McGill University. Montreal, Quebec

1. The development times to hatching of eggs of several kinds of copepods were studied at controlled temperatures. Data are analyzed from several geographical populations of Pseudocalanus minutus, a large form of Pseudocalanus, Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, Acartia clausi, and Tortanus discaudatus.

2. Bélehráek's temperature function, expressed as D = a(T - agr)b, where D is development time, T the temperature, and agr, a and b are constants, was fitted to the results. Assuming that b is the same ( - 1.68, the mean of fitted values) for all species results in several regularities.

3. The scale correction or "biological zero" agr varies little within species, but seems positively related to environmental temperature. C. glacialis, with the most northerly range, has the lowest value of agr, and A. clausi and T. discaudatus, which are the most southerly, have highest values of agr. Temperature adaptation per se may be considered in relation to this parameter alone.

4. The proportionality coefficient a varies significantly with egg diameter within species or between closely related species. Differences in a and egg size are related to differences in DNA content between P. minutus and the large form of Pseudocalanus, and the same may be true between other closely related forms.

5. The coefficient a is not exactly proportional to egg diameter or DNA content but the relationship resembles predictions from mass transfer theory, and supports Berrill's (1935) belief that control is superimposed by surface/volume restrictions on CO2 exchange by the whole embryo.

6. Differences in optical density of eggs are attributed to yolk concentration. The parameter agr is proportionate to relative optical density, which supports Berrill's (1935) conclusion that yolk simply "dilutes" metabolically active cytoplasm. Yolkiness does not appear to affect other parameters, which it might do if it imposed restrictions on diffusion, as implied by the possible biophysical basis of Becaronlehrádek's temperature function.




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J. M. Staver and R. R. Strathmann
Evolution of Fast Development of Planktonic Embryos to Early Swimming
Biol. Bull., August 1, 2002; 203(1): 58 - 69.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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