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Biol Bull 154: 409-429. (June 1978)
© 1978 Marine Biological Laboratory
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OSMOTIC AND IONIC REGULATION IN SEVERAL WESTERN ATLANTIC CALLIANASSIDAE (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, THALASSINIDEA)

DARRYL L. FELDER 1

1 Department of Zoology and Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70893

Osmotic and ionic regulatory capacities of callianassid mud shrimps, Callianassa jamaicense, C. major, and C. islagrande, are correlated to their distributions on the Louisiana coast. Callianassa jamaicense burrows in muddy estuaries where salinity may commonly fall to < 5permil, but C. major and C. islagrande usually burrow in sandy beaches bathed by higher salinities. Lower lethal limits of salinity are < 2permil for C. jamaicense, 7-8permil for C. major and probably just below 15permil for adult C. islagrande. After exposure to low salinity C. jamaicense exhibits better volume control than the other two species. Blood osmotic, sodium, and chloride concentrations in C. jamaicense are regulated near stable levels at acclimation salinities beneath sim 20permil but those of C. major and C. islagrande are not. Blood magnesium is slightly hyper-regulated by C. jamaicense at most acclimation salinities < 25permil and more markedly hyper-regulated at salinities < 10permil; it is also slightly hyper-regulated by C. major at acclimation salinities < 30permil.

After direct transfer of C. jamaicense from 20permil salinity to 3permil salinity, blood osmotic, sodium, and chloride concentrations fall slightly but approach stable concentrations within 12 hours; blood magnesium concentration falls less rapidly. When C. jamaicense is transferred from 20 to 37permil, blood osmotic, sodium, and chloride concentrations increase markedly during the first day and continue to slowly increase through day 9; blood magnesium increases to a near stable level by day 4.

Differences in osmoregulatory capacities, along with substrate preferences, appear to limit distributions of Callianassidae on the Louisiana coast. With one exception, previous studies suggest that osmoregulatory ability does not occur in this group. The present report of osmoregulatory ability in C. jamaicense documents a second exception.






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Copyright © 1978 by the Marine Biological Laboratory.