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Biol Bull 174: 373-378. (June 1988)
© 1988 Marine Biological Laboratory
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Chemoautotrophic Symbiosis in a Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod

JEFFREY L. STEIN 1, S. CRAIG GARY 1, ROBERT R. HESSLER 1, RUSSELL D. VETTER 1, HORST FELBECK 1, SUGURU OHTA 2, and JAMES J. CHILDRESS 3

1 Marine Biology Research Division, A-002, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
2 Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 15-1, 1-Chome, Minamidai, Nakano-Ku, Tokyo 164, Japan
3 Oceanic Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences and the Marine Sciences Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California

An undescribed gastropod species collected from recently discovered deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the western Pacific contains endosymbiotic bacteria within specialized gill cells. The snails inhabit rocky vent openings where they are exposed directly to warm (2-25°C) sulfide-rich (750 µM) water emitted from the vents. The gills of this snail contain elemental sulfur and high activities of enzymes catalyzing sulfide metabolism (sulfide oxidase, ATP-sulfurylase, APS-reductase, rhodanese) and autotrophic CO2 fixation (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase) indicating that the bacteria function as sulfur oxidizing Chemoautotrophic endosymbionts—a symbiosis described previously only in vestimentiferan and pogonophoran tubeworms, oligocheate worms, and bivalve molluscs. This represents the first documentation of Chemoautotrophic potential among the numerous gastropod species found inhabiting the interface of reducing and oxidizing environments.

Submitted on December 24, 1987
Accepted on March 23, 1988




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