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Biol Bull 177: 225-229. (October 1989)
© 1989 Marine Biological Laboratory
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The Pigment-Dispersing Hormone Family: Chemistry, Structure-Activity Relations, and Distribution

K. RANGA RAO 1 and JOHN P. RIEHM 1

1 Department of Biology, The University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida, 32514-5751

This report summarizes recent work on the pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) family, a set of related neuropeptides common to arthropods. The primary structures are known for the major form of PDH in several crustacean species (Pandalus borealis, Uca pugilator, Cancer magister, Penaeus aztecus, Procambarus clarkii) and for related pigment-dispersing factors from two insects (Acheta domesticus, Romalea microptera). In this peptide family, the amino acid chain length (18 residues), termini (N-terminal Asn, C-terminal Ala-NH2), and at least 50% of the sequence are conserved. Synthetic analogs have been used to analyze the structure-activity relations of PDH, leading to: an evaluation of the role of specific residues; a tentative identification of the message sequence; and the preparation of stable and superpotent analogs including tyrosinated analogs for radioiodination. An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) has been developed for beta-PDH. Antisera raised against agr-PDH and beta-PDH were used to determine the distribution of PDH. This distribution and other evidence indicate that, besides its role in humoral regulation of the pigmentary system, PDH may serve extra-pigmentary functions. The functions of the PDH-related peptides in insects are unknown.




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