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Biol Bull 177: 303-312. (October 1989)
© 1989 Marine Biological Laboratory
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Metabolic Adaptations of Several Species of Crustaceans and Molluscs to Hypoxia: Tolerance and Microcalorimetric Studies

WILLIAM B. STICKLE 1, MARTIN A. KAPPER 1, LI-LIAN LIU 1, ERICH GNAIGER 1, and SHIAO Y. WANG 1

1 Department of Zoology and Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803

Although some species of fish, crustaceans, and molluscs may behaviorally avoid hypoxic masses of small size and limited duration, others cannot. In a series of crustaceans, tolerance of hypoxia over 28 days at 30°C, decreases as follows: Eurypanopeus depressus (38 Torr = LC50)> Palaemonetes pugio > Rhithropanopeus harrisii > Penaeus aztecus > Callinectes sapidus (121 Torr = LC50). Callinectes sapidus and E. depressus die during 12-h exposure to anoxia and their heat dissipation rates (quantified by microcalorimetry) are depressed in seawater at 25% air saturation (normoxia) to only 32 and 47% of their metabolic rate at normoxia. In contrast, starved Crassostrea virginica and Thais haemastoma are anoxia tolerant; their metabolic rates are depressed under anoxia to 75% and 9% of the normoxic rate. Hypoxia tolerance is greater at 20°C than at 30°C for Penaeus aztecus and Crassostrea virginica, but no temperature effect on tolerance exists for Callinectes sapidus. Hypoxia tolerance varies inversely with salinity for Penaeus aztecus at 20°C and 30°C and for Callinectes sapidus at 30°C, but it varies directly with salinity at 20°C in Callinectes sapidus. Greater depression of metabolic rate occurs in molluscs during anoxia exposure (and is correlated with greater hypoxia tolerance) than occurs in Callinectes sapidus and Penaeus aztecus, which are not anoxia tolerant. Heavy mortality probably occurs in young Callinectes sapidus and Penaeus aztecus and in stages of the life history when the organisms are incapable of avoiding hypoxic water masses.

Submitted on November 10, 1988
Accepted on July 31, 1989




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