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The Biological Bulletin, Vol 184, Issue 1 15-24, Copyright © 1993 by Marine Biological Laboratory

DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION

Metamorphosis in the Brachiopod Terebratalia: Evidence for a Role of Calcium Channel Function and the Dissociation of Shell Formation from Settlement

G. Freeman
Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington and Center for Developmental Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712

Larvae of Terebratalia will not undergo metamorphosis when maintained in a sterile environment unless they are 9-10 days old; under these conditions the frequency of normal metamorphosis is low. Four-day larvae are normally induced to metamorphose when they contact a suitable substrate. They will also undergo metamorphosis when they are treated with high K+ seawater in the presence of Ca2+. Additional experiments indicate that both substrate-induced and high K+ seawater-induced metamorphosis may involve the function of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Metamorphosis involves settlement of the larva followed by formation of the protegulum, the initial shell. In larvae that have been aged in a sterile environment and in larvae treated with high K+ in seawater with low Ca2+, partial metamorphosis takes place. Under these conditions the larva does not settle, however a protegulum forms. Substrate-induced metamorphosis does not occur in the absence of the distal end of the pedicle lobe of the larva which normally makes contact with the substrate, however, treatment with high K+ seawater containing Ca2+ induces partial metamorphosis in these larvae. These experiments suggest that there are at least two centers in the larva that control metamorphosis.


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G. Amador-Cano, E. Carpizo-Ituarte, and D. Cristino-Jorge
Role of Protein Kinase C, G-Protein Coupled Receptors, and Calcium Flux During Metamorphosis of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Biol. Bull., April 1, 2006; 210(2): 121 - 131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1993 by the Marine Biological Laboratory.