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The Biological Bulletin, Vol 195, Issue 1 1-4, Copyright © 1998 by Marine Biological Laboratory

IMAGING AND MICROSCOPY

Choosing Objective Lenses: The Importance of Numerical Aperture and Magnification in Digital Optical Microscopy

D. W. Piston
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615

Microscopic images are characterized by a number of microscope-specific parameters--numerical aperture (NA), magnification (M), and resolution (R)--and by parameters that also depend on the specimen--for example, contrast, signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, and integration time. In this article, issues associated with the microscope-specific parameters NA, M, and R are discussed with respect to both widefield and laser scanning confocal microscopies. Although most of the discussion points apply to optical microscopy in general, the main application considered is fluorescence microscopy.


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