Biol. Bull.
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Biol. Bull. 200: 261-267. (June 2001)
© 2001 Marine Biological Laboratory

Multiple Paternity in Littorina obtusata (Gastropoda, Littorinidae) Revealed by Microsatellite Analyses

Ian G. Paterson1,*, Vanessa Partridge2 and John Buckland-Nicks2

1 Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B0P 1X0
2 Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ian.paterson{at}acadiau.ca.

Parental identity for juvenile Littorina obtusata was determined from three egg masses by means of microsatellite DNA markers. Results confirm that the attendant adult female in each case was the dam of the offspring and that at least 4–6 males contributed to each brood. This correlates with our behavioral observations that indicated multiple copulations between the female and several males in each experimental aquarium. A significant number of offspring from each brood were sired by non-sampled males (males that had copulated with females before capture) whose sperm had been stored by the female. This is the first direct evidence of multiple paternity in the Littorinidae. Results are discussed in reference to current theories of sperm competition, male precedence, and cryptic female choice.




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