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Department of Biology, CB#3280 Coker Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: joethomp{at}email.unc.edu
Ontogenetic changes in the organization and volume fraction of collagenous connective tissues were examined in the mantle of Sepioteuthis lessoniana, the oval squid. Outer tunic fiber angle (the angle of a tunic collagen fiber relative to the long axis of the squid) decreased from 33.5° in newly hatched animals to 17.7° in the largest animals studied. The arrangement of intramuscular collagen fiber systems 1 (IM-1) and 2 (IM-2) also changed significantly during ontogeny. Because of the oblique trajectory of the IM-1 collagen fibers, two fiber angles were needed to describe their organization: (1) IM-1SAG, the angle of an IM-1 collagen fiber relative to the squid’s long axis when viewed from a sagittal plane and (2) IM-1TAN, the angle of an IM-1 collagen fiber relative to the squid’s long axis when viewed from a plane tangential to the outer curvature of the mantle. The sagittal component (IM-1SAG) of the IM-1 collagen fiber angle was lowest in hatchling squid (32.7°) and increased exponentially during growth to 43° in squid with a dorsal mantle length (DML) of 15 mm. In squid larger than 15 mm DML, IM-1SAG fiber angle did not change. The tangential component (IM-1TAN) of IM-1 collagen fiber angle was highest in hatchling squid (39°) and decreased to 32° in the largest squid examined. IM-2 collagen fiber angle (the angle of an IM-2 collagen fiber relative to the outer surface of the mantle) was lowest in hatchling squid (34.6°) and increased exponentially to about 50° in 15-mm DML animals. In squid larger than 15 mm DML, IM-2 fiber angle increased slightly with size. The volume fraction of collagen in IM-1 and IM-2 increased 68 and 36 times, respectively, during growth. The ontogenetic changes in the organization of collagen fibers in the outer tunic, IM-1, and IM-2 may lead to ontogenetic differences in the kinematics of mantle movement and in elastic energy storage during jet locomotion.
Abbreviations: DML, dorsal mantle length • IM-1, intramuscular fiber system 1 • IM-1SAG, sagittal component of IM-1 fiber angle • IM-1TAN, tangential component of IM-1 fiber angle • IM-2, intramuscular fiber system 2
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