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Biol. Bull. 211: 286-296. (December 2006)
© 2006 Marine Biological Laboratory

Stocking Density at Early Developmental Stages Affects Growth and Sex Ratio in the European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Mar Huertas and Joan Cerdà*

Center of Aquaculture IRTA, 43540-Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain, and Reference Center in Aquaculture, Barcelona, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed, at Lab IRTA-ICM, CMIMA-CSIC, Passeig Marítim 37–49, 08003-Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: joan.cerda{at}irta.es

To investigate the effect of stocking density on growth and sex ratio in European eel, four constant density conditions were tested during the transition from the glass to the elver stage for 90 days (Period 1). The test conditions combined the weight of fish per unit surface or volume (surface density or volume density) resulting in four experimental groups: low surface density (0.5 kg/m2) and low volume density (5 kg/m3) (group S0.5V5); low surface density (0.5 kg/m2) and high volume density (10 kg/m3) (group S0.5V10); high surface density (2 kg/m2) and low volume density (5 kg/m3) (group S2V5); and high surface density (2 kg/m2) and high volume density (10 Kg/m3) (group S2V10). Subsequently, fish from the S0.5V5, S2V5, and S2V10 groups were transferred to low density conditions (0.1–0.4 kg/m2 or 0.1–0.3 kg/m3) for another 21 months (630 days; Period 2). After Period 1, fish maintained at high surface density, regardless of the volume density, showed higher standard growth rates (SGRs) and RNA/DNA ratio in muscle than those cultured at low surface density. The percentage of mortality was similar in three of the groups (34.2%–41.8%), but not in the S2V10 group (83.3%). At the end of Period 2, most fish (about 95%) exhibited fully differentiated gonads, but different sex ratios were observed in each group. Thus, the S2V5 group showed a higher proportion of females (36.1%) and a lower proportion of males (56.8%) than the S0.5V5 group (11.4% and 72.5%, respectively), while all survivor fish from the S2V10 group developed into females. The gonadosomatic index and SGR were higher in females than in males. These results suggest that glass eels maintained at high surface density during the first months of growth tend to develop into females. The data also indicate that growth and sex ratio are linked processes during eel development, with growth seeming to be sex dependant rather than being influenced by the density conditions in which glass eels are maintained.

Abbreviations: GSI, gonadosomatic index • SGR, standard growth rate: in weight (SGRw) and in length (SGRL)






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