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Biol. Bull. 213: 252-266. (December 2007)
© 2007 Marine Biological Laboratory

How Do Predators Cope With Chemically Defended Foods?

John I. Glendinning

Department of Biological Sciences, Barnard College, Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027

* E-mail: jglendinning{at}barnard.edu

Many prey species (including plants) deter predators with defensive chemicals. These defensive chemicals act by rendering the prey's tissues noxious, toxic, or both. Here, I explore how predators cope with the presence of these chemicals in their diet. First, I describe the chemosensory mechanisms by which predators (including herbivores) detect defensive chemicals. Second, I review the mechanisms by which predators either avoid or tolerate defensive chemicals in prey. Third, I examine how effectively free-ranging predators can overcome the chemical defenses of prey. The available evidence indicates that predators have mixed success overcoming these defenses. This conclusion is based on reports of free-ranging predators rejecting unpalatable but harmless prey, or voluntarily ingesting toxic prey.




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