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Biol Bull 79: 309-320. (October 1940)
© 1940 Marine Biological Laboratory
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CELL TYPES AND CLOTTING REACTIONS IN THE ECHINOID, MELLITA QUINQUIESPERFORATA

CAZLYN G. BOOKHOUT 1 and NELLIE D. GREENBURG 1

1 From, Duke University, Ward-Belmont Shtool, and Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, N. C.

1. There are two types of leucocytes in the perivisceral fluid of Mellita. The first type is characterized by large ectoplasmic pseudopodial lobes and a small granular endoplasmic center. The second type is spherical and is composed of many vesicular compartments, but lacks visible pseudopodia. Both types are phagocytic, but the first type is the only one important in the clotting process.

2. There are three types of amoebocytes filled with spherules: those with red spherules are most abundant, those with colorless spherules are common, and those with yellow-brown spherules are rare. None of these are phagocytic. A fourth type of amoebocyte, smaller than the first three types, is filled with brown fluid and contains small scattered granules which exhibit Brownian movement. This type is phagocytic.

3. Clotting involves the cellular elements of the perivisceral fluid, but does not include the plasma. As soon as the perivisceral fluid is removed from Mellita the leucocytes with large pseudopodial flaps produce a sticky substance to which amoebocytes or other leucocytes adhere and finally become entangled into small clumps. As the end-point is reached there is a general contraction of the clump, entangled amoebocytes become spherical, and their spherules break down. The end-point of clotting is reached at an average of 165 seconds after the perivisceral fluid is removed from the body.

4. KCl, hypertonic solution of NaCl, CaCl2, and a 5 per cent solution of ethyl alcohol decrease the time of clotting.

5. Na-citrate and K-oxalate increase the time of clotting, and MgSO4 retards clotting indefinitely.




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B. J. Hillier and V. D. Vacquier
Amassin, an olfactomedin protein, mediates the massive intercellular adhesion of sea urchin coelomocytes
J. Cell Biol., February 18, 2003; 160(4): 597 - 604.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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