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Biol Bull 92: 1-9. (February 1947)
© 1947 Marine Biological Laboratory
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A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF PHENOCOPY PRODUCTION WITH MONOCHROMATIC ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION

CLAUDE A. VILLEE 1

1 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., and Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

1. Drosophila larvae, prepupae and pupae of various ages and genotypes were irradiated with ultraviolet of wave-length 2537 A and in dosages varying from 330 to 79,200 ergs/mm.2 The phenocopies produced varied with the age of the irradiated fly, the stock used, and the total dosages of the irradiation. Irradiation with ultraviolet does not cause a retardation of pupation as X-radiation does.

2. Larvae show a gradual increase in sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation with age from 50 to 100 hours after hatching from the egg to a maximum at one hour after pupation, then a sharp decrease in sensitivity with pupal age. There are two periods in the larval stage, one about 50 and one about 100 hours after hatching, of greater phenocopy production for a given amount of radiation. Irradiations during the first 24 hours of pupal life produce fewer phenocopies for a given amount of radiation than during the larval period.

3. The sensitive periods for the production of certain phenocopies by ultraviolet are compared with the sensitive periods for X-ray and temperature treatments. Some are identical, a few are different.

4. Irradiations of the same total dosage produce the same percentages of lethality and of phenocopies whether given at high or low intensities. The threshold level for the production of phenocopies varies with the age of the fly irradiated but is about 440 ergs/mm.2 A comparison is made of this threshold with the thresholds for the effect of ultraviolet on other biological systems and with the effect of X-rays on phenocopy production in Drosophila.

5. A hypothesis for the mechanism involved in the production of phenocopies by ultraviolet rays is discussed.




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M. Perlitsh and A. Kelner
The Reduction by Reactivating Light of the Frequency of Phenocopies Induced by Ultraviolet Light in Drosophila melanogaster
Science, August 7, 1953; 118(3058): 165 - 166.
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