Video Supplements

Files in this Data Supplement:

• Video A - Split-screen showing external view of fish synchronized with endoscopic view of tissue pad on oropharyngeal roof (to the left in endoscopic image) and branchial arches (to the right in endoscopic image). Figure 2 in the journal article was taken from this video sequence. The anterior of the fish is at the bottom right of the endoscopic image. As the sequence begins at the conclusion of a feeding pump, food particles are traveling posteriorly towards the upper left of the endoscopic image, in the direction of the esophagus. The mandible and the branchial arches begin to abduct at frame 3367. During frames 3372-3377, a pre-pump reversal moves particles from posterior to anterior. From frame 3377 to the end of the sequence, particles travel from anterior to posterior during the feeding pump. This video sequence was recorded at 125 frames s^-1 and is 512 ms in duration; every second or third frame is shown.
• Video B - Split-screen showing external view of fish synchronized with endoscopic view of tissue pad on oropharyngeal roof (to the left in endoscopic image) and branchial arches (to the right in endoscopic image). The anterior of the fish is at the bottom right of the endoscopic image. The sequence begins after a feeding pump has ended. The mandible begins to abduct at frame 3264. During frames 3267-3282, a pre-pump reversal lifts individual particles off of the branchial arches as well as particles that have been retained in a mucus aggregate. As the particles and aggregate lift off of the branchial arches, they move from posterior to anterior during this pre-pump reversal. From frame 3282 to the end of the sequence, particles travel from anterior to posterior during the feeding pump. The large white area on ceratobranchial II is an over-illuminated gill raker. The two small stationary white dots at the left of the endoscopic image are broken endoscopic light fibers. This video sequence was recorded at 125 frames s^-1 and is 336 ms in duration; every second or third frame is shown.
• Video C - Split-screen showing external view of fish synchronized with endoscopic view of branchial arches (to the right in endoscopic image). The anterior of the fish is at the bottom right of the endoscopic image. The sequence begins after a feeding pump has ended. The mandible begins to abduct at frame 2467. During frames 2467-2479, a pre-pump reversal moves particles from posterior to anterior in the endoscopic view. During the feeding pump in frames 2482-2537, particles travel from anterior to posterior. During stage 1 of the post-pump reversal in frames 2539-2554, particles travel from posterior to anterior in the endoscopic view as the branchial arches abduct in the endoscopic view, the hyoid abducts in the external view, and the oral jaws remain closed. During stage 2 of the post-pump reversal in frames 2557 to the end of the sequence, particles travel from anterior to posterior. The two small stationary white dots at the left of the endoscopic image are broken endoscopic light fibers. This video sequence was recorded at 250 frames s^-1 and is 648 ms in duration; every second or third frame is shown.